Affordances of Nearby Forest and Orchard on Children's Performances
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research investigated the performances of children and adolescents with the properties of the nearby forests and orchards in Malaysia. It measured the affordances of the natural setting including the topography, water bodies, vegetation and animals as experienced by them. Their performances were observed through a two-day hiking and camping programme in both settings. Utilised affordances dominated the actions of children and adolescents twice more than the combination of perceived and shaped affordances. The results suggested that the nearby forest and orchard were suitable playscapes for the children to express their physical as well as socialisation competencies.
Article Details
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Ismail Said
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Chawla, L. (1992). Childhood Place Attachments. In: Altman, I. and Low, S. M. eds. Place Attachment, New York and London: Plenum Press, 63-86.
Chawla, L & Heft, H. (2002). Children’s competence and the ecology of communities: a functional approach to the evaluation of participation, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 22, 201-216.
Christensen, P. (2003). Place, Space and Knowledge: Children in The Village and The City In: Christensen, P. and O’Brien, M.: Children in The City: Home, Neighbourhood and Community: The Future of Childhood Series, Routledge Falmer, Taylor & Francis Group, London and NY, 13-28.
Denzin, N. K. (2001). Interpretive Interactionism. Sage Publications, London.
Fjortoft, I. & Sageie, J. (2000). The natural environment as a playground for children: Landscape description and analyses of a natural playscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 48, 83-97.
Denzin, N. K. (2001). Interpretive Interactionism. Sage Publications, London. Fjortoft, I. & Sageie, J. (2000). The natural environment as a playground for children: Landscape description and analyses of a natural playscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 48, 83-97.
Fjortoft, I. (2004). Landscape as Playscape: The Effects of Natural Environments on Children’s Play and Motor Development, Telemark University College, Journal of Children’s Environments Quarterly.14 (2), 21-44
Gibson, J. J. (1979). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Heft, H. (1999). Affordances of Children’s Environments: A Functional Approach to Environmental Description. In: Nassar, J. J. and Preiser, W. F. E. eds.
Directions in Person-Environment Research and Practice, Aldershot: Ashgate, 44-69.
Kellert, R. S. (2002). Experiencing Nature: Affective, Cognitive and Evaluative Development in Children In: Kellert, S. R. and Kahn, P. H., Children and Nature: Psychological, Sociocultural, and Evolutionary Investigations, The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England.
Kytta, M. (2002). Affordances of Children’s Environments In: The Context of Cities, Small Towns, Suburbs and Rural Villages In Finland And Belarus, Landscape and Urban Planning 48. Journal of Environmental Psychology 22, 109-123.
Kytta, M. (2003). Children in Outdoor Contexts: Affordances and Independent Mobility in the Assessment of Environment Child Friendliness. Centre for Urban and Regional Studies, Helsinki University of Technology, Doctoral Thesis.
Said, I. (2008). Evaluating Affordances of Streams and Rivers Pertaining to Children’s Functioning in Natural Environment, Journal of King Saud University—Architecture and Planning Division, Vol. 20, 50-65.
Sebba, R. (1991). The Landscape of Childhood: The Reflection of Childhood’s Environment in Adult Memories and in Children’s Attitudes. Environment and Behavior, 4, 23, 395-422.
Sobel, D. (2002). Children’s Special Places: Exploring the Role of Forts, Dens, and Bushe Houses in Middle Childhood, Wayne State University Press, Detroit.
Taylor, F. A. & Kuo, F. E. (2006). Children’s Experience of Places: Is Contact with Nature Important for Healty Child Development? State of The Evidence, In: Spencer, C., and Blades, M., Children and their Environments: Learning, Using and Designing Spaces, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom,124-140.