Historic Urban Landscape and the Character of George Town, Penang UNESCO World Heritage Site
Main Article Content
Abstract
The increasing intervention from high rise construction and new developments within the historic urban fabric are threatening the existing character and the Outstanding Universal Value of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage Site List. This paper propagates that through the identification of historic urban landscapes that influence the character of the George Town world heritage sites, we are able to understand the relationships between the landscape components and the importance of historic characters of the sites. The methodology of this paper is based on written descriptions and site visual observations. The outcome of this paper reveals the significance of tangible and intangible factors that influence the urban landscape character of the case study area.
Article Details
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Shuhana Shamsuddin, Ahmad Bashri Sulaiman, Rohayah Che Amat
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Badaruddin, M &Rahmat, A.M. (2005). Heritage Tourism In A Multicultural Society : The Case of Malaysia. 3rd Global Summit on Peace through Tourism Program Proceeding on 2nd – 5th October 2005 at Royal Cliff Beach Resort, Pattaya Thailand. page 141-147
Brunetta, G and Voghera, A (2008). Evaluating landscape For Shared Values : Tools, Principles &Methods. Landscape Research Vol 33 No 1. 71-87, February 2008
Countryside Agency & Scottish Natural heritage, Interim landscape Character Assessment Guidance (1999)
Dyson-Bruce, L. (2003). Historic Landscape Assessment : The East of England Experience paper Product to GIS Delivery. Journal of GIS In Archaeology Volume 1 (April 2003) ESRI : New York.
Gardner, S, Sidisunthorn, P & May, E. L (2011). The Heritage trees of Penang. Areca Books : Penang.
Garnham, H.L. (1985). Maintaining The Spirit of Place : A Process For The Preservation Of Town Character. Arizona : PDA Publishers
Hassan, A.S (2009). The British Colonial Divide and Rule Concept In Inner City Of George Town, Penang. Its Influence To Irregular Layout Of The Transport Access. International Journal of Transportation.International Journal of Transportation.Springer Science & Business Media LLC.Vol 36, No. 3, pp 309-324.
ICOMOS’ Observations On The Information Document by the World Heritage Centre on the Development of a revised UNESCO Recommendation on The Conservation of Historic Urban Landscapes, February 2008 ICOMOS,. Paris .
Jokiletho, J (2010). Notes On Definition And Safeguarding of HUL. Cities & Times 4 (3):4
Khoo, S.N. (1993). Streets of George Town, Penang. Janus Print &Resources : Penang
Khoo, S.N. & Wade, M (2003).Penang : Postcard Collection 1899 -1933s. Janus Print &Resources : Penang
Mann, W.A. (1993). Landscape Architecture : An Illustrated History In Timelines, Site Plans & Biography. New
York : John Wiley and Sons, Inc
Riksantikvaren (2010). Sustainable Historic Towns : A Handbook about DIVE – Urban Heritage Analysis. Norway
:Postboks
Rippon, S (2011). Tool Kit : A Methodology For Assessing Historic Landscape Character – Our Wetland Heritage : An Intergrated Approach Towards Managing Coastal Landscape.
Shuhana, S (2011). Townscape Revisited :Unravelling The Character of Historic Townscape In Malaysia. Johor :Penerbit UTM Press
Sirisrisak, T &Akagawa, N (2007). Cultural Landscape In The World Heritage List : Understanding on The Gap and categorization. City & Time 2(3) : 2
Swanwick, C & Land Use Consultants.(2002). Landscape Character Assessment. Guidance For England & Scotland. Cheltenham &Edinburgh : The Countryside Agency & Scottish Natural Heritage
The Secretary of The Interior’s : Guidelines For The Treatment of Cultural Landscapes (1995). National Park Service, US Department of Interior. Federal Register Vol. 60 No 133
The World Heritage Centre, The State parties of World Heritage Convention, The World Heritage Committee, The Advisory Meetings at Jerusalem (June 2006), Saint Petersburg, Russian federation (January 2007), Olinda Brazil (November 2007), Unesco Headquaters (September 2006 & November 2008) on Historic Urban Landscape Initiative (HUL)
UNESCO, Vienna Memorandum on World Heritage & Contemporary Architecture – Managing Historic Urban Landscape, World Heritage Centre Paris, 20th May 2005
World Heritage Centre (2003). Cultural Landscapes : The Challenges of Conservation Paris, Unesco World Heritage Paper 7
World Heritage Centre (2003). Operational Guidelines For The Implementation of The World Heritage Convention Revised edition 2005, Paris (WHC 05/2, 2 February 2005)