Thermal–Spatial Strategies for Rural Dwellings in Northern China
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Abstract
Rapid rural transformation in northern China presents challenges to thermal adaptation and residential satisfaction under changing climatic conditions. This study investigates relationships among spatial configuration, material characteristics, courtyard morphology, adaptive behaviours, thermal comfort, and residential satisfaction in rural dwellings. Survey data from 383 respondents were analysed using PLS-SEM Modelling. Findings indicate that housing typology significantly influences spatial organisation, courtyard performance, and perceived thermal comfort, while spatial configuration mediates residential satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of integrating climate-responsive spatial planning, passive environmental strategies, and occupant adaptive behaviours to develop resilient and context-sensitive rural housing strategies in northern China.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Chen Yang, Alamah Misni , Mohamad Zulfadli Mohamad Zabidi
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